Roman Numeral Converter
Turn numbers into Roman numerals and back again, 1 to 3,999.
Roman numeral
About this roman numeral converter
Type a number from 1 to 3,999 and see it written in Roman numerals, or type a Roman numeral and see the number. The converter checks that a numeral is written in standard form, so IIII or VX are flagged instead of guessed.
The seven symbols are I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500) and M (1,000). Smaller symbols placed before larger ones are subtracted: IV is 4, IX is 9, XL is 40, XC is 90, CD is 400 and CM is 900.
Roman numerals show up on clocks, in book chapters, in outlines and in the names of events such as the Super Bowl. Print a chart for the wall from the Roman numerals chart page.
How to use it
- Type a number in the first box, or a Roman numeral in the second.
- Read the result below the box.
- Use the Copy link button to share a converted value.
- Print the chart if students need a reference.
Classroom tips
- Teach the six subtractive pairs (IV, IX, XL, XC, CD, CM) as the only exceptions to adding left to right.
- Ask students to find Roman numerals around the school: clocks, cornerstones, book chapters.
- Have partners write a year in Roman numerals, then check it here.
- Point out that the standard system has no zero and no symbol above M, so numbers stop at 3,999 in standard form.
Reviewed 2026-10-03. This tool was written for Handout Hero.
Frequently asked questions
Why does the converter stop at 3,999?
Standard Roman numerals repeat a symbol at most three times, so the largest number is MMMCMXCIX, which is 3,999. Larger numbers used other conventions, such as a bar over a numeral, that this converter does not cover.
Why is IIII flagged?
Standard form writes 4 as IV. IIII does appear on some clock faces, but it is not the standard form used in classrooms.
Is there a Roman numerals chart to print?
Yes. The Roman numerals chart page has 1 to 100, 1 to 1,000 and a blank fill-in version.
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